<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_AD" title="1 AD">1 AD</a> First year in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Christian calendar</a>, which is presently used in unison with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> almost everywhere in the world. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_Archelaus" title="Herod Archelaus">Herod Archelaus</a> deposed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idumea" title="Idumea">Idumea</a> annexed as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iudaea_Province" title="Iudaea Province">Iudaea Province</a> under direct Roman administration, capital at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarea_Palaestina" title="Caesarea Palaestina">Caesarea</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirinius" title="Quirinius">Quirinius</a> became <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legatus" title="Legatus">Legate</a> (Governor) of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_%28Roman_province%29#Syria_in_antiquity" title="Syria (Roman province)">Syria</a>, conducted first Roman tax census of Iudaea, opposed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealots" title="Zealots">Zealots</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=%20Acts&verse=5:37&src=NIV" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=%20Acts&verse=5:37&src=NIV">Acts 5:37</a>) Brief period of peace, relatively free of revolt and bloodshed in Iudaea & <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharisee" title="Pharisee">Pharisee</a> leader <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillel_the_Elder" title="Hillel the Elder">Hillel the Elder</a> dies, rise of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shammai" title="Shammai">Shammai</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Emperor" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a>, appointed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel" title="List of High Priests of Israel">High Priest</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod%27s_Temple" title="Herod's Temple">Herod's Temple</a> by Prefect Valerius Gratus, deposed by Syrian Legate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, Jewish <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proselytes" title="Proselytes">Proselytes</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologers" title="Astrologers">Astrologers</a>, expelled from Rome (Suetonius,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lives_of_the_Twelve_Caesars" title="Lives of the Twelve Caesars">Lives of the Twelve Caesars</a>, Tiberius 36, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loeb_Classics" title="Loeb Classics">Loeb Classics</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefect" title="Prefect">Prefect</a> of Iudaea <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>, relative of Jesus (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Luke%20&verse=1:36&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Luke%20&verse=1:36&src=31">Luke 1:36</a>), a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazirite" title="Nazirite">Nazirite</a> (<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%201:15;&version=31;" class="external text" title="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%201:15;&version=31;">Luke 1:15</a>), began ministry in "15th year of Tiberius" (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Luke%20&verse=3:1-2&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Luke%20&verse=3:1-2&src=31">Luke 3:1-2</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">baptized Jesus</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Mark%20&verse=1:4-11&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Mark%20&verse=1:4-11&src=31">Mark 1:4-11</a>), arrested and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapitation" title="Decapitation">beheaded</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Luke%20&verse=3:19-20&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Luke%20&verse=3:19-20&src=31">Luke 3:19-20</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">JA</a>18.5.2) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>' <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_ministry_%28Christian%29" title="Religious ministry (Christian)">ministry</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>, appointed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" title="Twelve Apostles">Twelve Apostles</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_and_the_Money_Changers" title="Jesus and the Money Changers">disturbance at Herod's Temple</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Mark%20&verse=11:15-19&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Mark%20&verse=11:15-19&src=31">Mark 11:15-19</a>, <a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=John%20&verse=2:13-17&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=John%20&verse=2:13-17&src=31">John 2:13-17</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucified" title="Crucified">crucified</a> on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Friday</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Mark%20&verse=15:42&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Mark%20&verse=15:42&src=31">Mark 15:42</a>, <a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=John%20&verse=19:42&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=John%20&verse=19:42&src=31">John 19:42</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartodeciman" title="Quartodeciman">Nisan 14th</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=%20John&verse=19:14&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=%20John&verse=19:14&src=31">John 19:14</a>, <a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Mark%20&verse=14:2&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Mark%20&verse=14:2&src=31">Mark 14:2</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Peter" title="Gospel of Peter">Gospel of Peter</a>) or Nisan 15th (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a>), (7Apr30, 3Apr33, 30Mar36, possible Fri-14-Nisan dates, -Meier), entombed by Pharisees <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus"> resurrected by God</a>, appeared to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul of Tarsus</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=1Cor%20&verse=15:3-9&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=1Cor%20&verse=15:3-9&src=31">1Cor 15:3-9</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Peter" title="Simon Peter">Simon Peter</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Luke%20&verse=24:34&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Luke%20&verse=24:34&src=31">Luke 24:34</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Mark%20&verse=16:9&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Mark%20&verse=16:9&src=31">Mark 16:9</a>, <a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=John%20&verse=20:10-18&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=John%20&verse=20:10-18&src=31">John 20:10-18</a>), and others, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension" title="Ascension">Ascension</a>, prophecy of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Coming#Christianity" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a>, see also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology of Jesus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem#Bishops_of_Jerusalem_.2862_.E2.80.93_451.29" title="Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem">Jerusalem church</a> founded, first Christian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church" title="Church">church</a>, about 120 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and Jewish <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proselytes" title="Proselytes">Proselytes</a>, (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=1:15&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=1:15&src=31">Acts 1:15</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentacost" title="Pentacost">Pentacost</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananias_and_Sapphira" title="Ananias and Sapphira">Ananias and Sapphira</a> incident, Pharisee <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamaliel" title="Gamaliel">Gamaliel</a> spoke in defense of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" title="Twelve Apostles">Apostles</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=5:34&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=5:34&src=31">Acts 5:34</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Saint Stephen</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoning" title="Stoning">stoned</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution of Christians</a>) and the church dispersed (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=7:54-8:8&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=7:54-8:8&src=31">Acts 7:54-8:8</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Magus" title="Simon Magus">Simon Magus</a> baptized in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=8:9-24&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=8:9-24&src=31">Acts 8:9-24</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_the_Evangelist" title="Philip the Evangelist">Philip the Evangelist</a> baptized an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian" title="Ethiopian">Ethiopian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">eunuch</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=8:26-40&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=8:26-40&src=31">Acts 8:26-40</a>) Paul's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_to_Damascus" title="Road to Damascus">Road to Damascus</a> conversion (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts" title="Acts">Acts</a> <a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=%20Acts&verse=9:3-19a&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=%20Acts&verse=9:3-19a&src=31">9:3-19a</a>; <a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=%20Acts&verse=22:6-21&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=%20Acts&verse=22:6-21&src=31">22:6-21</a>; <a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=%20Acts&verse=26:12-23&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=%20Acts&verse=26:12-23&src=31">26:12-23</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Peter" title="Simon Peter">Simon Peter</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptize" title="Baptize">baptized</a> Roman <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centurion_Cornelius" title="Centurion Cornelius">Centurion Cornelius</a>, considered first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">Gentile</a> convert to Christianity (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=10&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=10&src=31">Acts 10</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Patriarchs_of_Antioch" title="List of Patriarchs of Antioch">Antioch church</a> founded, it was there that the term <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian" title="Christian">Christian</a> was first used (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=11:26&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=11:26&src=31">Acts 11:26</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_James_the_Great" title="Saint James the Great">Saint James the Great</a>, brother of John, executed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_Agrippa_I" title="Herod Agrippa I">Herod Agrippa I</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=12:1-3&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=12:1-3&src=31">Acts 12:1-3</a>) Paul's 1st mission, (<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%2013:1-14:27;&version=31;" class="external text" title="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%2013:1-14:27;&version=31;">Acts 13:1-14:27</a>), with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a>, to Cyprus, Pisidian Antioch, Iconium, Lystra and Derbe (there they were called "gods ... in human form"), then return to Syrian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> "Since the Jews constantly made disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus <span class="reference"><sup id="ref_RomeCrestus" class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity#endnote_RomeCrestus" class="external autonumber" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity#endnote_RomeCrestus">[1]</a></sup></span>, he <<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>> expelled them from Rome." (Suetonius,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lives_of_the_Twelve_Caesars" title="Lives of the Twelve Caesars">Lives of the Twelve Caesars</a>,Claudius XXV.4,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loeb_Classics" title="Loeb Classics">Loeb Classics</a>) (referenced in <a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=18:2&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=18:2&src=31">Acts 18:2</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> riot in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, 20-30,000 killed (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">JA</a>20.5.3,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" title="The Wars of the Jews">JW</a>2.12.1) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a>, "Apostolic Decree" (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=15:1-35&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=15:1-35&src=31">Acts 15:1-35</a>) Paul's 2nd mission, (<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%2015:36-18:22;&version=31;" class="external text" title="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%2015:36-18:22;&version=31;">Acts 15:36-18:22</a>), split with Barnabas, to Phrygia, Galatia, Macedonia, Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens, Corinth, "he had his hair cut off at Cenchrea because of a vow he had taken", then return to Antioch; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_Galatians" title="Epistle to Galatians">Galatians</a> written? 52? <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a> of India Paul's 3rd mission, (<a href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%2018:23-21:26;&version=31;" class="external text" title="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%2018:23-21:26;&version=31;">Acts 18:23-21:26</a>), to Galatia, Phrygia, Corinth, Ephesus, Macedonia, Greece, Jerusalem, there <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_the_Just" title="James the Just">James the Just</a> challenged him about rumor of teaching <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinomianism" title="Antinomianism">antinomianism</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=21:21&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=21:21&src=31">Acts 21:21</a>), he addressed a crowd in their language (most likely <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_of_Jesus" title="Aramaic of Jesus">Aramaic</a>) (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=22&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=22&src=31">Acts 22</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a> written? "Egyptian Prophet" and 30,000 unarmed Jews doing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">The Exodus</a> reenactment massacred by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procurator" title="Procurator">Procurator</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonius_Felix" title="Antonius Felix">Antonius Felix</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=21:38&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=21:38&src=31">Acts 21:38</a>, JW2.261, JA20.169) Paul arrested, accused of being a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealot" title="Zealot">revolutionary</a>, "ringleader of the sect of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazarenes" title="Nazarenes">Nazarenes</a>", teaching <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurrection" title="Resurrection">resurrection</a> of the dead, imprisoned in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarea_Palaestina" title="Caesarea Palaestina">Caesarea</a> (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=23-26&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=23-26&src=31">Acts 23-26</a>) Paul shipwrecked on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, there he was called a god (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=28:6&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=28:6&src=31">Acts 28:6</a>) Paul in Rome: greeted by many "brothers", three days later called together the Jewish leaders, who hadn't received any word from Judea about him, but were curious about "this sect", which everywhere is spoken against; he tried to convince them from the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Law</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neviim" title="Neviim">Prophets</a>", with partial success, said the Gentiles would listen and spent two years proclaiming the "Lord Jesus Christ" (<a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=28:15-31&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=Acts%20&verse=28:15-31&src=31">Acts 28:15-31</a>); <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Epistle to Philemon</a> written? James the Just stoned to death for law transgression by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel" title="List of High Priests of Israel">High Priest</a> Ananus ben Artanus, popular opinion against act results in Ananus being deposed by new procurator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clodius_Albinus" title="Clodius Albinus">Clodius Albinus</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Antiquities" title="Jewish Antiquities">JA</a>20.9.1) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon_of_Jerusalem" title="Simeon of Jerusalem">Simeon</a>, 2nd <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem#Bishops_of_Jerusalem_.2862_.E2.80.93_451.29" title="Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem">Bishop of Jerusalem</a>, crucified under <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glastonbury_Abbey" title="Glastonbury Abbey">Glastonbury Abbey</a> founded according to tradition, but date disputed 64-68 after July 18 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Rome" title="Great Fire of Rome">Great Fire of Rome</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> blamed and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">persecuted</a> the <i>Christians</i>, earliest mention of <i>Christians</i>, by that name, in Rome, see also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus on Jesus</a>, Paul beheaded? (Col1:24, Eph3:13, 2Tm4:6-8, 1Clem5:5-7), Peter crucified upside down? (Jn21:18,1Pt5:13,Origen), "...a vast multitude, were convicted, not so much of the crime of incendiarism as of hatred of the human race. And in their deaths they were made the subjects of sport; for they were wrapped in the hides of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, or nailed to crosses, or set on fire, and when day declined, were burned to serve for nocturnal lights." (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals_%28Tacitus%29" title="Annals (Tacitus)">Annals (Tacitus)</a> XV.44) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_document" title="Q document">Q document</a>, a hypothetical Greek text thought by many critical scholars to have been used in writing of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Jewish_Revolt" title="Great Jewish Revolt">Great Jewish Revolt</a>: destruction of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod%27s_Temple" title="Herod's Temple">Herod's Temple</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a> community destroyed, site of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> found in 1947 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a>, third <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Antioch" title="Bishop of Antioch">Bishop of Antioch</a>, fed to the lions in Rome, advocated the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a>, rejected <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>?, his letters were subjected to heavy Christian forgery especially 4th century (Apostolic Fathers) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a>, written in Rome?, by Peter's interpreter? (1 Peter 5:13), original ending apparently lost, endings added c.400, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_16" title="Mark 16">Mark 16</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_Gospel" title="Signs Gospel">Signs Gospel</a> written, hypothetical Greek text used in Gospel of John to prove Jesus is the Messiah <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Epistles" title="Pauline Epistles">Pauline Epistles</a> 70-200? <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a>; Other Gospels: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unknown_Berlin_Gospel" title="Unknown Berlin Gospel">Unknown Berlin Gospel</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Peter" title="Gospel of Peter">Gospel of Peter</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas" title="Gospel of Thomas">Gospel of Thomas</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_Gospels" title="Oxyrhynchus Gospels">Oxyrhynchus Gospels</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egerton_Gospel" title="Egerton Gospel">Egerton Gospel</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayyum_Fragment" title="Fayyum Fragment">Fayyum Fragment</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialogue_of_the_Saviour" title="Dialogue of the Saviour">Dialogue of the Saviour</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Christian" title="Jewish Christian">Jewish Christian</a> Gospels: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Ebionites" title="Gospel of the Ebionites">Gospel of the Ebionites</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Hebrews" title="Gospel of the Hebrews">Gospel of the Hebrews</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Nazarenes" title="Gospel of the Nazarenes">Gospel of the Nazarenes</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a>, based on Mark and Q, most popular in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>, based on Mark and Q, also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> by same author <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_I" title="Pope Clement I">Clement I, Bishop of Rome</a>, wrote <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistles_of_Clement" title="Epistles of Clement">Letter of the Romans to the Corinthians</a> (Apostolic Fathers) 90? <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Jamnia" title="Council of Jamnia">Council of Jamnia</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (disputed) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Peter" title="1 Peter">1 Peter</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testimonium_Flavianum" title="Testimonium Flavianum">Testimonium Flavianum</a>, disputed section of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Antiquities" title="Jewish Antiquities">Jewish Antiquities</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_language" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a>, translated to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistles_of_John" title="Epistles of John">Epistles of John</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> written, by John (son of Zebedee) and/or a disciple of his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a> (Apostolic Fathers) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">Epistle of James</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Epistle of Jude</a> written, probably by doubting relative of Jesus (Mark 6,3), rejected by some early Christians due to its reference to apocryphal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Book of Enoch</a> (v14), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a> written 100-150? <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocryphon_of_James" title="Apocryphon of James">Apocryphon of James</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Mary_Magdalene" title="Gospel of Mary Magdalene">Gospel of Mary Magdalene</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_James" title="Gospel of James">Gospel of James</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infancy_Gospel_of_Thomas" title="Infancy Gospel of Thomas">Infancy Gospel of Thomas</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Gospel_of_Mark" title="Secret Gospel of Mark">Secret Gospel of Mark</a> (<i>Complete Gospels</i>, published by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Seminar" title="Jesus Seminar">Jesus Seminar</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papias" title="Papias">Papias</a>, bishop of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamukkale" title="Pamukkale">Hierapolis</a>, wrote: "Expositions of the Sayings of the Lord", lost, widely quoted (Apostolic Fathers) 110-160? <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a>, bishop of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izmir" title="Izmir">Smyrna</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarp%27s_letter_to_the_Philippians" title="Polycarp's letter to the Philippians">Letter to the Philippians</a>, (Apostolic Fathers) 125(+/-5)? <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Peter" title="2 Peter">2 Peter</a> written, not accepted into canon until early 400s, drew upon Epistle of Jude, "catholic" epistle, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastoral_Epistles" title="Pastoral Epistles">Pastoral Epistles</a> written <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rylands_Library_Papyrus_P52" title="Rylands Library Papyrus P52">Rylands Library Papyrus P52</a>, oldest extant NT fragment, p.1935, parts of Jn18:31-33,37-38 "Christian Apologists" writings against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_religion" title="Roman religion">Roman religion</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenagoras_of_Athens" title="Athenagoras of Athens">Athenagoras</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apology_of_Aristides" title="Apology of Aristides">Apology of Aristides</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatian" title="Tatian">Tatian</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratus_%28apostle%29" title="Quadratus (apostle)">Quadratus</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollinaris_Claudius" title="Apollinaris Claudius">Apollinaris Claudius</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Marcus_Minucius" title="Felix Marcus Minucius">Felix Marcus Minucius</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnobius" title="Arnobius">Arnobius</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_Diognetus" title="Epistle to Diognetus">Epistle to Diognetus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Kokhba%27s_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba's revolt">Bar Kokhba's revolt</a>: final Jewish revolt, Judea and Jerusalem erased from maps, all of southern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> renamed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_Pal%C3%A6stina" title="Syria Palæstina">Palestine</a> (coined by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>) 142-144? <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcion_of_Sinope" title="Marcion of Sinope">Marcion of Sinope</a>, bishop according to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>, went to Rome, possibly to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simony" title="Simony">buy the bishropic of Rome</a>, upon rejection formed his own church in Rome, later called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcionism" title="Marcionism">Marcionism</a>, rejected <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, decreed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">canon</a> of one <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Gospel of Marcion">Gospel</a>, one <i>Apostolicon</i> (10 Letters of Paul) and one <i>Antithesis</i><a href="http://www.gnosis.org/library/marcion/antithes.htm" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.gnosis.org/library/marcion/antithes.htm">[2]</a> which contrasted the Old Testament with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, cited <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_text-type" title="Western text-type">Western text-type</a> "Western Revisor" adds/subtracts from original Acts to produce <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles#Text" title="Acts of the Apostles">Western</a> version which is 10% larger and found in Papyrus P29,38,48 and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Bezae" title="Codex Bezae">Codex Bezae</a> (D) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentinius" title="Valentinius">Valentinius</a>, most famous Christian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostic" title="Gnostic">Gnostic</a>, according to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a> narrowly lost election for Bishop of Rome <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherd_of_Hermas" title="Shepherd of Hermas">Shepherd of Hermas</a>, written in Rome (Apostolic Fathers) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montanus" title="Montanus">Montanus</a>, claimed to be the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraclete" title="Paraclete">Paraclete</a> ("Counselor") of <a href="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/%7Ejnot4610/bibref.php?book=%20John&verse=14:16&src=31" class="external text" title="http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book=%20John&verse=14:16&src=31">John 14:16</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyrdom_of_Polycarp" title="Martyrdom of Polycarp">Martyrdom of Polycarp</a> (Apostolic Fathers) Dionysius<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05010a.htm" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05010a.htm">[3]</a>, bishop of Corinth, claimed Christians were changing and faking his own letters just as [he knew] they had changed the Gospels (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">EH</a>4.23.12;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers" title="Ante-Nicene Fathers">Ante-Nicene Fathers</a>,v.8) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatian" title="Tatian">Tatian</a> produces "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatessaron" title="Diatessaron">Diatessaron</a>" (Harmony) by blending 4 "Western" text-type Gospels into 1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmachus_the_Ebionite" title="Symmachus the Ebionite">Symmachus the Ebionite</a>, new Greek translation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegesippus" title="Hegesippus">Hegesippus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Lyon" title="Bishop of Lyon">Bishop of Lyon</a>, combated heresies, cited "Western" Gospel text-type (Ante-Nicene Fathers) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muratorian_fragment" title="Muratorian fragment">Muratorian fragment</a>, 1st extant canon for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> after Marcion?, written in Rome by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolytus_%28writer%29" title="Hippolytus (writer)">Hippolytus</a>?, excludes Hebrews, James, 1-2 Peter, 3 John; includes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisdom_of_Solomon" title="Wisdom of Solomon">Wisdom of Solomon</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Apollonius" title="Saint Apollonius">Saint Apollonius</a>, used the term <i>catholic</i> in reference to 1 John <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Demetrius" title="Saint Demetrius">Saint Demetrius</a>, bishop of Alexandria, condemned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Pope Victor I</a>, 1st <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> Pope, excommunicated Eastern churches that continued to observe <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> on Nisan 14 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartodeciman" title="Quartodeciman">Quartodeciman</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrates_of_Ephesus" title="Polycrates of Ephesus">Polycrates</a>, bishop of Ephesus (Ante-Nicene Fathers) Caius<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03144a.htm" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03144a.htm">[4]</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">presbyter</a> of Rome, wrote "Dialogue against Proclus" in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers" title="Ante-Nicene Fathers">Ante-Nicene Fathers</a>, rejected <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">Revelation</a>, said to be by Gnostic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerinthus" title="Cerinthus">Cerinthus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus_46" title="Papyrus 46">Papyrus 46</a>: 2nd <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_Beatty" title="Chester Beatty">Chester Beatty</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrian_text-type" title="Alexandrian text-type">Alexandrian text-type</a>; Papyrus 66: 2nd Bodmer, John, 1956, "Alexandrian/Western" text-types; Papyrus 75: Bodmer 14-15, Luke & John, earliest extant Luke, ~Vaticanus; 200? Papyrus 32: J. Rylands Library: Titus 1:11-15;2:3-8; Papyrus 64 (+67): Mt3:9,15; 5:20-22,25-28; 26:7-8,10,14-15,22-23,31-33 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus" title="Sextus Julius Africanus">Sextus Julius Africanus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope" title="Antipope">Antipope</a> Natalius<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10448a.htm" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10448a.htm">[5]</a>, rival bishop of Rome, according to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a>'s EH5.28.8-12, quoting the <i>Little Labyrinth</i> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolytus_%28writer%29" title="Hippolytus (writer)">Hippolytus</a>, after being "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scourge" title="Scourge">scourged</a> all night by the holy angels", covered in ash, dressed in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sackcloth" title="Sackcloth">sackcloth</a>, and "after some difficulty", tearfully submitted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Pope Zephyrinus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Hippolytus" title="Antipope Hippolytus">Antipope Hippolytus</a>, <i>Logos</i> sect? <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a>, Bishop of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>, cited "Western" NT text-type, claimed Christians were freely forging his letters to discredit him (Ante-Nicene Fathers) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a>, cited "Alexandrian" NT text-type & <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Gospel_of_Mark" title="Secret Gospel of Mark">Secret Gospel of Mark</a> & <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Egyptians" title="Gospel of the Egyptians">Gospel of the Egyptians</a>; wrote: "Exhortations to the Greeks"; "Rich Man's Salutation"; "To the Newly Baptized"; (Ante-Nicene Fathers) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Tchacos" title="Codex Tchacos">Codex Tchacos</a>, manuscript containing a copy of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Judas" title="Gospel of Judas">Gospel of Judas</a> has been written. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a>, sometimes called "father of the Latin Church" because he coined <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">trinitas</a>, tres <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona" title="Persona">Personae</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consubstantial" title="Consubstantial">una Substantia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Vetus Testamentum</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">Novum Testamentum</a>, convert to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a>, cited "Western" Gospel text-type (Ante-Nicene Fathers) Papyrus 45: 1st Chester Beatty, Gospels (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarean_text-type" title="Caesarean text-type">Caesarean text-type</a>), Acts (Alexandrian test-type) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus Thrax</a>, emperor of Rome, ends Christian schism in Rome by deporting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pope Pontian</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Hippolytus" title="Antipope Hippolytus">Antipope Hippolytus</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> where they soon die <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch of Alexandria">Patriarch of Alexandria</a> see also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Patriarchs_of_Alexandria" title="List of Patriarchs of Alexandria">List of Patriarchs of Alexandria</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_Constitutions" title="Apostolic Constitutions">Apostolic Constitutions</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgy_of_St_James" title="Liturgy of St James">Liturgy of St James</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementine_literature" title="Clementine literature">Clementine literature</a> Letters of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodius_of_Olympus" title="Methodius of Olympus">Methodius</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistis_Sophia" title="Pistis Sophia">Pistis Sophia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyry_%28philosopher%29" title="Porphyry (philosopher)">Porphyry Tyrius</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodianus" title="Commodianus">Commodianus</a> (Ante-Nicene Fathers) Papyrus 72: Bodmer 5-11+, pub. 1959, "Alexandrian" text-type: Nativity of Mary; 3Cor; Odes of Solomon 11; Jude 1-25; Melito's Homily on Passover; Hymn fragment; Apology of Phileas; Ps33,34; 1Pt1:1-5:14; 2Pt1:1-3:18 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ousios" title="Ousios">Jesus and God one substance</a>, adopted at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> in 325, compiled <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexapla" title="Hexapla">Hexapla</a>; cites Alexandrian, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarean_text-type" title="Caesarean text-type">Caesarean text-type</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> claimed Origen castrated himself for Christ due to Mt19:12 (EH6.8.1-3) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synods_of_Carthage" title="Synods of Carthage">Synods of Carthage</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Novatian" title="Antipope Novatian">Antipope Novatian</a>, decreed no forgiveness for sins after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Pope Stephen I</a>; major <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">schism</a> over rebaptizing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heretics" title="Heretics">heretics</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostates" title="Apostates">apostates</a> "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerian_%28emperor%29" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a>'s Massacre", Roman emperor executes all Christian Bishops, Elders, and Deacons <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synods_of_Antioch" title="Synods of Antioch">Synods of Antioch</a>, condemned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_of_Samosata" title="Paul of Samosata">Paul of Samosata</a>, Bishop of Antioch, founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">Adoptionism</a> (Jesus was human until Holy Spirit descended at his baptism), also condemned term <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ousios" title="Ousios">homoousios</a> adopted at Nicaea <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Thaumaturgus" title="Gregory Thaumaturgus">Gregory Thaumaturgus</a> (Ante-Nicene Fathers) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_the_Great" title="Anthony the Great">Anthony</a> begins monastic movement Papyrus 47: 3rd Chester Beatty, ~Sinaiticus, Rev9:10-11:3,5-16:15,17-17:2 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_%28prophet%29" title="Mani (prophet)">Mani (prophet)</a>, crucified, founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manichaean" title="Manichaean">Manichaean</a> Christian sect in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persia" title="Persia">Persia</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theonas_of_Alexandria" title="Theonas of Alexandria">Theonas</a>, bishop of Alexandria (Ante-Nicene Fathers) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Pachomius" title="St Pachomius">St Pachomius</a>, founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Christian monasticism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Pope Marcellinus</a>, offered pagan sacrifices for Diocletian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Armenia#Christianisation" title="History of Armenia">Armenia</a>, first to adopt Christianity as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian#Persecution_of_Christians" title="Diocletian">Diocletian's Massacre</a> of Christians <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a>, patron saint of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, and other states 304? <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus</a>, bishop of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptuj" title="Ptuj">Pettau</a> 306 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Elvira" title="Synod of Elvira">Synod of Elvira</a>, prohibited relations between Christians and Jews <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxentius" title="Maxentius">Maxentius</a> deports <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Pope Eusebius</a> and Antipope Heraclius<a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09001b.htm" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09001b.htm">[6]</a> to Sicily <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucian_of_Antioch" title="Lucian of Antioch">Lucian of Antioch</a>, founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_Antioch" title="School of Antioch">School of Antioch</a>, martyred <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_I_and_Christianity#Constantine.27s_Vision" title="Constantine I and Christianity">Vision of Constantine</a>, while gazing into the sun he saw a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross" title="Cross">cross</a> with the words <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_hoc_signo_vinces" title="In hoc signo vinces">by this sign conquer</a>, see also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labarum" title="Labarum">Labarum</a>, Constantine was later called the <i>13th Apostle</i> The Kingdom of Aksum(Modern Ethiopia) declares Christianity as the official state Religion <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Milan" title="Edict of Milan">Edict of Milan</a>, Constantine and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a> end persecution, establish toleration of Christianity <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Pope Miltiades</a>, given <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateran_Palace" title="Lateran Palace">Lateran Palace</a> as residence by Constantine, excommunicated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donatus_Magnus" title="Donatus Magnus">Donatus Magnus</a> for requiring rebaptism of apostates Council of Arles, called by Constantine against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donatist" title="Donatist">Donatist</a> schism <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius_of_Caesarea" title="Eusebius of Caesarea">Eusebius</a>, bishop of Caesarea, church historian, cited <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarean_text-type" title="Caesarean text-type">Caesarean text-type</a>, wrote <i>Ecclesiastical History</i> in 325 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirian_III_of_Iberia" title="Mirian III of Iberia">Mirian III of Georgia</a> adopts Christianity as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a> Constantine decreed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday" title="Sunday">Sunday</a> as state "day of rest" (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_Iuris_Civilis#Codex_Justinianus" title="Corpus Iuris Civilis">CJ</a>3.12.2), see also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a>, called by Constantine to unify <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a>, called 1st great Christian council by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>, 1st <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical" title="Ecumenical">ecumenical</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed#The_original_Nicene_Creed_of_325" title="Nicene Creed">Original Nicene Creed</a>, rejected by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arius" title="Arius">Arius</a>, Theonas, Secundus, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusebius_of_Nicomedia" title="Eusebius of Nicomedia">Eusebius of Nicomedia</a>, Theognis <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunicated" title="Excommunicated">excommunicated</a>, addressed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computus" title="Computus">Easter controversies</a>, passed 20 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_law_%28Catholic_Church%29" title="Canon law (Catholic Church)">Canon laws</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity" title="Church of the Nativity">Church of the Nativity</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius" title="Athanasius">Athanasius</a>, bishop of Alexandria, first cite of modern 27 book <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">canon</a> Old <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Apostles" title="Church of the Holy Apostles">Church of the Holy Apostles</a>, dedicated by Constantine Old <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Saint Peter's Basilica">Saint Peter's Basilica</a> dedicated by Constantine, located over the traditional burial site of Saint Peter the Apostle in Rome on Vatican Hill Capital of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> moved from Rome to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Rome" title="New Rome">New Rome</a>) Council in Jerusalem, reversed Nicaea's condemnation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arius" title="Arius">Arius</a>, consecrated Jerusalem <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Sardica" title="Council of Sardica">Council of Sardica</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Firmicus_Maternus" title="Julius Firmicus Maternus">Julius Firmicus Maternus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a>(S), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus" title="Codex Vaticanus">Codex Vaticanus</a>(B): earliest Christian Bibles, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrian_text-type" title="Alexandrian text-type">Alexandrian text-type</a> 350? <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulfilas" title="Ulfilas">Ulfilas</a>, Arian, apostle to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a>, translated Greek NT to Gothic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma_Johanneum" title="Comma Johanneum">Comma Johanneum</a> 1Jn5:7b-8a(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KJV" title="KJV">KJV</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%ABtius_%28theologian%29" title="Aëtius (theologian)">Aëtius</a>, Arian, "Syntagmation": "God is agennetos (unbegotten)", (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomoean" title="Anomoean">Anomoean</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_Nisibis" title="School of Nisibis">School of Nisibis</a> founded 2nd <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Sirmium" title="Council of Sirmium">Council of Sirmium</a>, Anomoean, condemned Council of Nicaea <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary</a>, bishop of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Felix_II" title="Antipope Felix II">Antipope Felix II</a>, Arian, supported by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Rimini" title="Council of Rimini">Council of Rimini</a>, Dated Creed (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacians" title="Acacians">Acacians</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Laodicea" title="Council of Laodicea">Council of Laodicea</a>, canon 29 decreed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anathema" title="Anathema">anathema</a> for Christians who rest on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>, disputed canon 60 named 26 NT books (excluded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">Revelation</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Ursicinus" title="Antipope Ursicinus">Antipope Ursicinus</a>, rival to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Pope Damasus I</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius</a>, bishop of Salamis, wrote <i>Panarion</i> against heresies <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil the Great</a>, Bishop of Caesarea <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine_of_Addai" title="Doctrine of Addai">Doctrine of Addai</a> at Edessa proclaims 17 book NT canon using Diatessaron (instead of the 4 Gospels) + Acts + 15 Pauline Epistles (inc. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Corinthians" title="3 Corinthians">3 Corinthians</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory</a>, Bishop Of Nyssa <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a>, cited "Western" Acts text-type <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a>, bishop & governor of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausonius" title="Ausonius">Ausonius</a>, Christian governor of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Nazianzus" title="Gregory Nazianzus">Gregory Nazianzus</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Constantinople" title="Bishop of Constantinople">Bishop of Constantinople</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a>, 2nd <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical" title="Ecumenical">ecumenical</a>, Jesus had true human soul, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed#The_Nicene_Creed_of_381" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed of 381</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Rome" title="Council of Rome">Council of Rome</a>, held by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Pope Damasus I</a>, disputed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumentius" title="Frumentius">Frumentius</a>, Apostle of Ethiopia <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscillian" title="Priscillian">Priscillian</a>, first heretic to be executed? Feb 27, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Nicene Christianity</a> declared <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_the_Great" title="Theodosius the Great">Theodosius the Great</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollinaris_of_Laodicea" title="Apollinaris of Laodicea">Apollinaris</a>, bishop of Laodicea, believed Jesus had human body but divine spirit <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a>, bishop of Hippo, considered the founder of formalized Christian theology (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_and_Post-Nicene_Fathers" title="Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers">Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Ninian" title="Saint Ninian">Saint Ninian</a> evangelizes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> 398-404 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, see also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Patriarchs_of_Constantinople" title="List of Patriarchs of Constantinople">List of Patriarchs of Constantinople</a>, (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers) Ethiopic Bible: in Ge'ez, 81 books, standard <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox" title="Ethiopian Orthodox">Ethiopian Orthodox</a> Bible <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a> Bible in Syriac (Aramaic), Syr(p), OT + 22 NT, excludes: 2Pt, 2-3Jn, Jude, Rev; standard <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> Bible Armenian Bible, translated by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Mesrob" title="Saint Mesrob">Saint Mesrob</a>, standard <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Orthodox" title="Armenian Orthodox">Armenian Orthodox</a> Bible <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril</a>, bishop of Alexandria, expelled Jews, killed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia" title="Hypatia">Hypatia</a> with oyster shells, coined <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Eulalius" title="Antipope Eulalius">Antipope Eulalius</a> rival to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Pope Boniface I</a> St. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgate#Different_versions" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> translations, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> scholar, cited <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_16#The_.27Freer_Logion.27_and_.27Expanded.27_Endings" title="Mark 16">expanded ending in Mark</a> after Mark 16:8, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericope_Adulter%C3%A6" title="Pericope Adulteræ">Pericope of the Adultress</a> addition to John (John 7:53-8:11) (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodoret" title="Theodoret">Theodoret</a>, bishop of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrrhus" title="Cyrrhus">Cyrrhus</a>, noted Tatian's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatesseron" title="Diatesseron">Diatesseron</a> in heavy use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a>, 3rd <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical" title="Ecumenical">ecumenical</a>, repudiated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a>, decreed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mary the Mother of God</a>, forbid any changes to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed#The_Nicene_Creed_of_381" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed of 381</a>, rejected by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian Church of the East</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Patrick" title="St Patrick">St Patrick</a> begins mission in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Pope Leo the Great</a>, sometimes considered the first pope, stopped <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attila_the_Hun" title="Attila the Hun">Attila the Hun</a> at Rome, issued <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_I#The_Tome" title="Pope Leo I">Tome</a> in support of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypostatic_Union" title="Hypostatic Union">Hypostatic Union</a>, approved <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> but rejected canons in 453 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Councils_of_Toledo" title="Councils of Toledo">Council of Toledo</a> added <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filioque_clause" title="Filioque clause">Filioque clause</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed#The_Nicene_Creed_of_381" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed of 381</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robber_Council_of_Ephesus" title="Robber Council of Ephesus">Robber Council of Ephesus</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophysite" title="Monophysite">Monophysite</a>: Jesus was divine but not human <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a>(A): <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrian_text-type" title="Alexandrian text-type">Alexandrian text-type</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Bezae" title="Codex Bezae">Codex Bezae</a>(D): Greek/Latin Gospels + Acts; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Washingtonianus" title="Codex Washingtonianus">Codex Washingtonianus</a>(W): Greek Gospels; both of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_text-type" title="Western text-type">Western text-type</a> Aramaic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targums" title="Targums">Targums</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates_Scholasticus" title="Socrates Scholasticus">Socrates Scholasticus</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozomen" title="Sozomen">Sozomen</a>, early Church historians <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a>, 4th <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical" title="Ecumenical">ecumenical</a>, declared Jesus is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypostatic_Union" title="Hypostatic Union">Hypostatic Union</a>: both human and divine in one, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcedonian_Creed" title="Chalcedonian Creed">Chalcedonian Creed</a>, rejected by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutyches" title="Eutyches">Eutyches</a> of Constantinople, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophysite" title="Monophysite">Monophysite</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosper_of_Aquitaine" title="Prosper of Aquitaine">Prosper of Aquitaine</a> September 4th, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Rome" title="Fall of Rome">Fall of Rome</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacian_Schism" title="Acacian Schism">Acacian Schism</a>, over <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoticon" title="Henoticon">Henoticon</a> divides Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) churches <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Orthodox" title="Armenian Orthodox">Armenian Orthodox</a> split from East (Greek) and West (Latin) churches May 13 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicar_of_Christ" title="Vicar of Christ">Vicar of Christ</a> decreed a title of Bishop of Rome by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Pope Gelasius I</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a>, King of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a>, baptized <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Laurentius" title="Antipope Laurentius">Antipope Laurentius</a>, rival of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Pope Symmachus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Laurentius" title="Antipope Laurentius">Antipope Laurentius</a>, rival of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Pope Symmachus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a> introduced in Christian church service, first plans of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anicius_Manlius_Severinus_Boethius" title="Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius">Boethius</a>, Roman Christian philosopher, wrote: "Theological Tractates", <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolation_of_Philosophy" title="Consolation of Philosophy">Consolation of Philosophy</a>; (Loeb Classics) (Latin) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysius_Exiguus" title="Dionysius Exiguus">Dionysius Exiguus</a> sets Christian calendar (a.d.) & Jesus' birth @ 23 Dec 1AD <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabius_Planciades_Fulgentius" title="Fabius Planciades Fulgentius">Fabius Planciades Fulgentius</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Dioscorus" title="Antipope Dioscorus">Antipope Dioscorus</a>, possibly a legitimate Pope <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_St_Benedict" title="Rule of St Benedict">Rule of St Benedict</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Benedict" title="St. Benedict">St. Benedict</a> founds the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a> Unusual <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changes_of_535-536" title="Climate changes of 535-536">climate changes</a> recorded 537-555 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Vigilius" title="Pope Vigilius">Pope Vigilius</a>, involved in death of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Pope Silverius</a>, conspired with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodora_%286th_century%29" title="Theodora (6th century)">Theodora</a>, on April 11, 548 issued <i>Judicatum</i> supporting Justinian's anti-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypostatic_Union" title="Hypostatic Union">Hypostatic Union</a>, excommunicated by bishops of Carthage in 550 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_of_Justinian" title="Plague of Justinian">Plague of Justinian</a> Justinian condemns <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a>, disastrous earthquakes hit the world Justinian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-Chapter_Controversy" title="Three-Chapter Controversy">condemns the Three Chapters</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_of_Mopsuestia" title="Theodore of Mopsuestia">Theodore of Mopsuestia</a> (d.428) and other writings of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypostatic_Union" title="Hypostatic Union">Hypostatic Union</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._David" title="St. David">St. David</a> converts <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a> introduced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Second Council of Constantinople</a>, 5th <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical" title="Ecumenical">ecumenical</a>, called by Justinian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pelagius_I" title="Pope Pelagius I">Pope Pelagius I</a>, selected by Justinian, endorsed <i>Judicatum</i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columba" title="Columba">Columba</a> goes to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> to evangelize <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a>, establishes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iona" title="Iona">Iona</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiodorus" title="Cassiodorus">Cassiodorus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Council_of_Toledo" title="Third Council of Toledo">Third Council of Toledo</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reccared" title="Reccared">Reccared</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> convert from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a> to Catholicism <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory the Great</a>, whom many consider the greatest pope ever, reforms church structure and administration and establishes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_Chant" title="Gregorian Chant">Gregorian Chant</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a> ... <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodelinda" title="Theodelinda">Theodelinda</a>, Queen of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a>, began gradual conversion from Arianism to Catholicism <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="St. Augustine of Canterbury">St. Augustine of Canterbury</a> sent by Pope Gregory to evangelise the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutes" title="Jutes">Jutes</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evagrius_Scholasticus" title="Evagrius Scholasticus">Evagrius Scholasticus</a> Church historian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> 607 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Boniface_III" title="Pope Boniface III">Pope Boniface III</a>, first Bishop of Rome to be called "Pope" and "Universal Bishop" by decree of Emperor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas">Phocas</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheon%2C_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon, Rome</a> renamed Church of Santa Maria Rotonda <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbio" title="Bobbio">Bobbio</a> monastery in northern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_of_St._Gall" title="Abbey of St. Gall">Abbey of St. Gall</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khosrau_II_of_Persia" title="Khosrau II of Persia">Khosrau II of Persia</a> conquered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, took <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Cross#Finding_the_True_Cross" title="True Cross">Holy Cross of Christ</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</a>, considered beginning of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Empire" title="Islamic Empire">Islamic Empire</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulinus_of_York" title="Paulinus of York">Paulinus of York</a> comes to convert <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babai_the_Great" title="Babai the Great">Babai the Great</a>, pillar of Assyrian Church of the East, died <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mut%27ah" title="Battle of Mut'ah">Battle of Mut'ah</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> recovered Cross of Christ and Jerusalem from Islam till 638 Eorpwald of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a> baptized under influence of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a>, 2nd <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliph" title="Caliph">Caliph</a>, capital at Damascus, conquered Syria in 635, defeated Heraclius at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmuk" title="Battle of Yarmuk">Battle of Yarmuk</a> in 636, conquered Egypt and Armenia in 639, Persia in 642 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynegils_of_Wessex" title="Cynegils of Wessex">Cynegils of Wessex</a> baptized by Bishop <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinus" title="Birinus">Birinus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria" title="Library of Alexandria">Library of Alexandria</a>, "The Center of Western Culture," with 300,000 ancient papyrus scrolls, is completely destroyed. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Whitby" title="Synod of Whitby">Synod of Whitby</a> unites <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a> of British Isles with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Third Council of Constantinople</a>, 6th <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical" title="Ecumenical">ecumenical</a>, against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monothelites" title="Monothelites">Monothelites</a>, condemned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Honorius_I" title="Pope Honorius I">Pope Honorius I</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_Sergius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople">Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople</a>, Heraclius' <i>Ecthesis</i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid" title="Wilfrid">Wilfrid</a> converts <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> built <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English_Bible_translations" title="Old English Bible translations">Old English Bible translations</a> Orthodox <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinisext_Council" title="Quinisext Council">Quinisext Council</a>, convoked by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a>, approved <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canons_of_the_Apostles" title="Canons of the Apostles">Canons of the Apostles</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_Constitutions" title="Apostolic Constitutions">Apostolic Constitutions</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">Clerical celibacy</a>, rejected by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Constantine" title="Pope Constantine">Pope Constantine</a> Fall of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage#Roman_Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_conquest_of_Iberia" title="Islamic conquest of Iberia">Islamic conquest of Iberia</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Arab_siege_of_Constantinople" title="Second Arab siege of Constantinople">Second Arab siege of Constantinople</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> retaken by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a>, an Englishman, given commission by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Pope Gregory II</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelize" title="Evangelize">evangelize</a> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germans</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disentis_Abbey" title="Disentis Abbey">Disentis Abbey</a> of Switzerland <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconoclasm#The_first_iconoclastic_period:_730-787" title="Iconoclasm">First Iconoclasm</a>, Byzantine Emperor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III</a> bans Christian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Pope Gregory II</a> excommunicates him <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_ecclesiastica_gentis_Anglorum" title="Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum">English Church History</a> written by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> Tower added to St Peter's Basilica at the front of the atrium <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donation_of_Constantine" title="Donation of Constantine">Donation of Constantine</a>, granted <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> to the Pope, later proved a forgery <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donation_of_Pepin" title="Donation of Pepin">Donation of Pepin</a> recognizes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestorian_Stele" title="Nestorian Stele">Nestorian Stele</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daqin_Pagoda" title="Daqin Pagoda">Daqin Pagoda</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Sutras" title="Jesus Sutras">Jesus Sutras</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">Christianity in China</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a>, 7th <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical" title="Ecumenical">ecumenical</a>, ends first Iconoclasm Sacking of the monastery of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a> marks the beginning of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking" title="Viking">Viking</a> raids on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>. King <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> is crowned first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Emperor</a> of the West by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Pope Leo III</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar">Ansgar</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Bremen" title="Archbishopric of Bremen">Archbishop of Bremen</a>, "Apostle of the North", began evangelisation of North Germany, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Anastasius" title="Antipope Anastasius">Antipope Anastasius</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> appointed him over <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_III" title="Pope Benedict III">Pope Benedict III</a> but popular pressure caused withdrawal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cyril" title="Saint Cyril">Saint Cyril</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Methodius" title="Saint Methodius">Saint Methodius</a> sent by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a> to evangelise the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_peoples" title="Slavic peoples">Slavic peoples</a>. They translate the Bible into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Slavonic</a>. Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople">Fourth Council of Constantinople</a>, condemned Patriarch <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photius" title="Photius">Photius</a>, rejected by Orthodox Orthodox <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople">Fourth Council of Constantinople</a>, restored Photius, condemned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filioque_clause" title="Filioque clause">Filioque</a>, rejected by Catholics <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadaver_Synod" title="Cadaver Synod">Cadaver Synod</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Stephen_VI" title="Pope Stephen VI">Pope Stephen VI</a> conducts trial against dead <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Formosus" title="Pope Formosus">Pope Formosus</a>, public uprising against Stephen led to his imprisonment and strangulation <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_of_Cluny" title="Abbey of Cluny">Abbey of Cluny</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictine" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> monastery in France <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsiedeln_Abbey" title="Einsiedeln Abbey">Einsiedeln Abbey</a> of Switzerland <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mieszko_I" title="Mieszko I">Mieszko I</a> duke of Poland baptised, Poland becomes a Christian country. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Boniface_VII" title="Antipope Boniface VII">Antipope Boniface VII</a>, murdered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XIV" title="Pope John XIV">Pope John XIV</a>, alleged to have murdered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_VI" title="Pope Benedict VI">Pope Benedict VI</a> in 974 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Baptism of Kievan Rus'">Baptism of Kievan Rus'</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_John_XVI" title="Antipope John XVI">Antipope John XVI</a>, deposed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_V" title="Pope Gregory V">Pope Gregory V</a> and his cousin <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_III" title="Otto III">Otto III</a> Much speculation and fear regarding the approach of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">millennium</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Gregory_VI" title="Antipope Gregory VI">Antipope Gregory VI</a>, removed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stiklestad" title="Battle of Stiklestad">Battle of Stiklestad</a>, considered victory of Christianity over Norwegian Paganism <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigfrid_of_Sweden" title="Sigfrid of Sweden">Sigfrid of Sweden</a>, Benedictine evangelist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Sutri" title="Council of Sutri">Council of Sutri</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Silvester_III" title="Pope Silvester III">Pope Silvester III</a> exiled, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VI" title="Pope Gregory VI">Pope Gregory VI</a> admitted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simony" title="Simony">buying the papacy</a> and resigned, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_IX" title="Pope Benedict IX">Pope Benedict IX</a> resigned, council appointed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_II" title="Pope Clement II">Pope Clement II</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East-West_Schism" title="East-West Schism">East-West Schism</a> split between Eastern (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Christianity" title="Orthodox Christianity">Orthodox Christianity</a>) and Western (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>) churches formalized <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Benedict_X" title="Antipope Benedict X">Antipope Benedict X</a>, defeated in war with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_II" title="Pope Nicholas II">Pope Nicholas II</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Honorius_II" title="Antipope Honorius II">Antipope Honorius II</a> rival of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_II" title="Pope Alexander II">Pope Alexander II</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> consecrated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Pope Gregory VII</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a> with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, proponent of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">Clerical celibacy</a>, opponent of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simony" title="Simony">simony</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concubinage" title="Concubinage">concubinage</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Clement_III" title="Antipope Clement III">Antipope Clement III</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaus_of_Szczepan%C3%B3w" title="Stanislaus of Szczepanów">Stanislaus of Szczepanów</a>, patron saint of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelberg_Abbey" title="Engelberg Abbey">Engelberg Abbey</a> of Switzerland <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, wrote <i>Cur Deus Homo</i> (<i>Why God Became Man</i>), a landmark exploration of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atonement" title="Atonement">Atonement</a> 10 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>, first called by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Clermont" title="Council of Clermont">Council of Clermont</a> against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_empire" title="Islamic empire">Islamic empire</a> to reconquer the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a> Foundation of the reforming monastery of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citeaux" title="Citeaux">Citeaux</a>, leads to the growth of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercian</a> order. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Theodoric" title="Antipope Theodoric">Antipope Theodoric</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Adalbert" title="Antipope Adalbert">Antipope Adalbert</a> deposed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> founded, to defend Holy Land Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Lateran_Council" title="First Lateran Council">First Lateran Council</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holyrood_Abbey" title="Holyrood Abbey">Holyrood Abbey</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_of_Bruys" title="Peter of Bruys">Peter of Bruys</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burned_at_the_stake" title="Burned at the stake">burned at the stake</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintern_Abbey" title="Tintern Abbey">Tintern Abbey</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Anacletus_II" title="Antipope Anacletus II">Antipope Anacletus II</a> Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Lateran_Council" title="Second Lateran Council">Second Lateran Council</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a>, Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_law_%28Catholic_Church%29" title="Canon law (Catholic Church)">Canon law</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Ab%C3%A9lard" title="Peter Abélard">Peter Abélard</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Calamitatum" title="Historia Calamitatum">Letters of Abelard and Heloise</a> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Denis_Basilica" title="Saint Denis Basilica">Saint Denis Basilica</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbot_Suger" title="Abbot Suger">Abbot Suger</a> is the first major building in the style of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic architecture</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Adrian_IV" title="Pope Adrian IV">Pope Adrian IV</a>, first (and to date only) English pope <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theotokos_of_Vladimir" title="Theotokos of Vladimir">Theotokos of Vladimir</a> arrives to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogolyubovo" title="Bogolyubovo">Bogolyubovo</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a> founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre Dame de Paris">Notre Dame de Paris</a>, construction begun <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a> founded Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Lateran_Council" title="Third Lateran Council">Third Lateran Council</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a> founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a> of Constantinople <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" title="Saint Francis of Assisi">Saint Francis of Assisi</a> becomes a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a>, founding the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscan" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> order of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">friars</a>, renounces wealth and begins his ministry; the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a> is reportedly given to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Dominic" title="St. Dominic">St. Dominic</a> (who founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican" title="Dominican">Dominican</a> order) by an apparition of Mary Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Lateran_Council" title="Fourth Lateran Council">Fourth Lateran Council</a>, decreed special dress for Jews and Muslims St <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky" title="Alexander Nevsky">Alexander Nevsky</a>, holy patron of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> Charter of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a> granted by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Pope Gregory IX</a>. Catholic <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Council_of_Lyon&action=edit" class="new" title="First Council of Lyon">First Council of Lyon</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_exstirpanda" title="Ad exstirpanda">Ad exstirpanda</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IV" title="Pope Innocent IV">Pope Innocent IV</a> authorized use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquisitions" title="Inquisitions">Inquisitions</a> Date which a 1988 Vatican sponsored scientific study places the origin of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summa_Theologiae" title="Summa Theologiae">Summa Theologiae</a>, written by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>, theologian and philosopher, landmark systematic theology which later became official Catholic doctrine Catholic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Council_of_Lyon&action=edit" class="new" title="Second Council of Lyon">Second Council of Lyon</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a>, Popes reside in Avignon, France <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a>, by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Vienne" title="Council of Vienne">Council of Vienne</a>, disbanded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Molay" title="Jacques de Molay">Jacques de Molay</a>, last Grandmaster of Knights Templar, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burned_at_the_stake" title="Burned at the stake">burned at the stake</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Peter" title="Metropolitan Peter">Metropolitan Peter</a> moves his see from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> Orthodox <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Fifth Council of Constantinople">Fifth Council of Constantinople</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsilius_of_Padua" title="Marsilius of Padua">Marsilius of Padua</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergii_Radonezhskii" title="Sergii Radonezhskii">Sergii Radonezhskii</a> founds a hermitage in the woods, which would grow into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troitse-Sergiyeva_Lavra" title="Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra">Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a> in Roman Catholicism <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyclif%27s_Bible" title="Wyclif's Bible">Wyclif's Bible</a>, by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wycliffe" title="John Wycliffe">John Wycliffe</a>, eminent theologian at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, NT in 1380, OT (with help of Nicholas of Hereford) in 1382, translations into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a>, 1st complete translation to English, included <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterocanonical" title="Deuterocanonical">deuterocanonical</a> books, preached against abuses, expressed anti-catholic views of the sacraments (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>), the use of relics, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">Clerical celibacy</a> Council of Oxford forbids translations of the Scriptures into the vernacular unless and until they were fully approved by Church authority <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Pisa" title="Council of Pisa">Council of Pisa</a>, declared Roman <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XII" title="Pope Gregory XII">Pope Gregory XII</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avignon_Pope_Benedict_XIII" title="Avignon Pope Benedict XIII">Avignon Pope Benedict XIII</a> deposed, elected <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_V" title="Pope Alexander V">Pope Alexander V</a> (called the Pisan Pope) Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a>, asked Gregory XII, Benedict XIII, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_John_XXIII" title="Antipope John XXIII">Pisan Pope John XXIII</a> to resign their papal claims, then elected <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Martin_V" title="Pope Martin V">Pope Martin V</a>; condemned John Wycliffe and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> who was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burned_at_the_stake" title="Burned at the stake">burned at the stake</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Siena" title="Council of Siena">Council of Siena</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Leuven" title="Catholic University of Leuven">Catholic University of Leuven</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Rublev" title="Andrei Rublev">Andrei Rublev</a>, the greatest of medieval icon-painters St. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a>, French national heroine, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burned_at_the_stake" title="Burned at the stake">burned at the stake</a> Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Basel" title="Council of Basel">Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Strasbourg" title="Notre-Dame de Strasbourg">Notre-Dame de Strasbourg</a>, highest building in the world till 1874 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a>, overrun by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutenberg_Bible" title="Gutenberg Bible">Gutenberg Bible</a>, first printed Bible, by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Gutenberg" title="Johann Gutenberg">Johann Gutenberg</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> built <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a> established by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a> December 5, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summis_desiderantes" title="Summis desiderantes">Summis desiderantes</a> against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witchcraft</a> issued by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Innocent_VIII" title="Pope Innocent VIII">Pope Innocent VIII</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola" title="Girolamo Savonarola">Girolamo Savonarola</a>, Dominican priest, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonfire_of_the_Vanities" title="Bonfire of the Vanities">Bonfire of the Vanities</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Julius_II" title="Pope Julius II">Pope Julius II</a> orders the Old <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> torn down and authorizes Donato Bramante to plan a new structure, demolition completed in 1606 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Guard#Vatican_Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Vatican Swiss Guard</a> founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> frescoes the Sistine Chapel's vaulted ceiling Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fifth Council of the Lateran">Fifth Council of the Lateran</a>, condemned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conciliarism" title="Conciliarism">Conciliarism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/95_Theses" title="95 Theses">95 Theses</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> begins German <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_of_Worms" title="Diet of Worms">Diet of Worms</a> condemns Luther <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> claims the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> for Spain, first mass and subsequent conversion to Catholicism, first in Asia <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther#Luther.27s_German_Bible" title="Martin Luther">Luther's NT</a>, German NT translation <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaptist" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</a> movement begins 1526 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tyndale#Works" title="William Tyndale">Tyndale's NT</a>, English NT translation from 1516 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Greek text of Erasmus</a>, first printed edition, used as a vehicle by Tyndale for bitter attacks on Catholicism, reflects influence of Luther's NT in rejecting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder" title="Elder">elder</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church" title="Church">church</a> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_%28worship%29" title="Congregation (worship)">congregation</a>, banned in 1546 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a>, Luther founds the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Church" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Church</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a>, Protestant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation in Switzerland</a>, independent of Luther <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe">Our Lady of Guadalupe</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> established independent <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> order founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a>, helped reconvert large areas of Poland, Hungary, and S. Germany and sent missionaries to the New World, India, and China <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myles_Coverdale" title="Myles Coverdale">Myles Coverdale</a>'s Bible, used Tyndale's NT along with Latin and German versions, included <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> at the end of the OT (like Luther's Bible of 1534) as was done in later English versions, 1537 edition received royal license, but banned in 1546 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a> refused to accept <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" title="Henry VIII of England">King Henry VIII's</a> claim to be the supreme head of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church in England</a>, and was executed. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius_Erasmus" title="Desiderius Erasmus">Desiderius Erasmus</a>, Dutch scholar, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Greek NT</a> used in many 16th century translations <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyndale" title="Tyndale">Tyndale</a> put to death, left his OT translation in manuscript, English ecclesiastical authorities ordered his Bible burned because it was thought to be part of Lutheran reform <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutes_of_the_Christian_Religion" title="Institutes of the Christian Religion">Institutes of the Christian Religion</a> written by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinism" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Leiden" title="John of Leiden">John of Leiden</a>, fanatic Dutch Anabaptist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Hutter" title="Jacob Hutter">Jacob Hutter</a> founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helvetic_Confessions" title="Helvetic Confessions">Helvetic Confessions</a> of the Reformed Churches of Switzerland <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a> in England, Wales and Ireland <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_III_of_Denmark" title="Christian III of Denmark">Christian III of Denmark</a> decreed Lutheranism state religion of Norway and Denmark <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Bible" title="Matthew Bible">Matthew Bible</a>, by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rogers_%28religious%29" title="John Rogers (religious)">John Rogers</a>, based on Tyndale and Coverdale received royal license but not authorized for use in public worship, numerous editions, 1551 edition contained offensive notes (based on Tyndale) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> paints the Last Judgement <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Bible" title="Great Bible">Great Bible</a>, by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell" title="Thomas Cromwell">Thomas Cromwell</a>, 1st English Bible to be authorized for public use in English churches, defective in many places, based on last Tyndale's NT of 1534-1535, corrected by a Latin version of the Hebrew OT, Latin Bible of Erasmus, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complutensian_Polyglot" title="Complutensian Polyglot">Complutensian Polyglot</a>, last edition 1569, never denounced by England <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> returns to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> to establish a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracy</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Inquisition" title="Roman Inquisition">Roman Inquisition</a> established by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Pope Paul III</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Parliaments_of_England#Parliaments_of_Henry_VIII" title="List of Parliaments of England">Parliament of England</a> bans Tyndale's translation as a "crafty, false and untrue translation" Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a>, counter-reformation against Protestantism, clearly defined an official theology and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">biblical canon</a> Original <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a> of the Church of England by Thomas Cranmer The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoglav_Church_Council" title="Stoglav Church Council">Stoglav Church Council</a> (One Hundred Chapters) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a>, Jesuit missionary, "Apostle of the Indies" <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Gregorian_University" title="Pontifical Gregorian University">Pontifical Gregorian University</a> founded at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Servetus" title="Michael Servetus">Michael Servetus</a> founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burned_at_the_stake" title="Burned at the stake">burned at the stake</a> in Geneva under Calvin Queen <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I of England</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Mary_%28person%29" title="Bloody Mary (person)">Bloody Mary</a>, persecuted reformers: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rogers_%28religious%29" title="John Rogers (religious)">John Rogers</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Latimer" title="Hugh Latimer">Hugh Latimer</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Ridley" title="Nicholas Ridley">Nicholas Ridley</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a>; of 238 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burned_at_the_stake" title="Burned at the stake">burned at the stake</a> Military <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Spur" title="Order of the Golden Spur">Order of the Golden Spur</a> founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_IV" title="Pope Paul IV">Pope Paul IV</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Bible" title="Geneva Bible">Geneva Bible</a>, NT a revision of Matthew's version of Tyndale with use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Beza" title="Theodore Beza">Theodore Beza</a>'s NT (1556), OT a thorough revision of Great Bible, appointed to be read in Scotland (but not England), at least 140 editions, first Bible with chapter and verse numbers <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scots_Confession" title="Scots Confession">Scots Confession</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a>, Scottish Reformation <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_Inquisition" title="Goa Inquisition">Goa Inquisition</a>, persecution of Hindus and Jews in India, see also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menno_Simons" title="Menno Simons">Menno Simons</a> founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles" title="Thirty-Nine Articles">Thirty-Nine Articles</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, also decreed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg_Catechism" title="Heidelberg Catechism">Heidelberg Catechism</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformed_churches" title="Reformed churches">Reformed churches</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catechism" title="Roman Catechism">Roman Catechism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Philip" title="Metropolitan Philip">Metropolitan Philip</a> of Moscow strangled by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malyuta_Skuratov" title="Malyuta Skuratov">Malyuta Skuratov</a> 1572 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a>, founded Scotch <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterian" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> Church, due to disagreement with Lutherans over sacraments and church government <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishops%27_Bible" title="Bishops' Bible">Bishops' Bible</a>, a revision of the Great Bible checked against the Hebrew text, 1st to be published in England by episcopal authority Discovery of the holiest Russian icon, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Kazan" title="Our Lady of Kazan">Our Lady of Kazan</a></i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a> of Lutheranism <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Terese_of_Avila" title="St Terese of Avila">St Terese of Avila</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> adopted at different times in different regions of the world <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> expelled Jesuits from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_Jove" title="Patriarch Jove">Metropolitan Jove</a> is elected the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch of Moscow">Patriarch of Moscow</a> Sistine Vulgate, replaced by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_VIII" title="Pope Clement VIII">Pope Clement VIII</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgate#The_Clementine_Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Clementine Vulgate</a> in 1592, standard Latin Catholic Bible till 1960's Michelangelo's dome in St Peter's Basilica completed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Catholic Church">Ukrainian Catholic Church</a> forms when Ukrainian subjects of the king of Poland are reunited with Rome, largest Byzantine Catholic Church <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a>, Dominican priest, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burned_at_the_stake" title="Burned at the stake">burned at the stake</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fausto_Paolo_Sozzini" title="Fausto Paolo Sozzini">Fausto Paolo Sozzini</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socinianism" title="Socinianism">Socinianism</a> Carlo Maderno redesigns St Peter's Basilica into a Latin cross <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown%2C_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</a> founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptist" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> Church founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Smyth" title="John Smyth">John Smyth</a>, due to objections to infant baptism and demands for church-state separation <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douai_Bible" title="Douai Bible">Rheims-Douay Bible</a>, 1st Catholic English translation, OT published in two volumes, based on an unofficial Louvain text corrected by Sistine Vulgate, NT is Rheims text of 1582 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> (Authorised Version) is released, based primarily on Wycliffe's work & Bishop's Bible of 1572, translators are accused of being "damnable corrupters of God's word", original included <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fama_Fraternitatis" title="Fama Fraternitatis">Fama Fraternitatis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosicrucian" title="Rosicrucian">Rosicrucian</a> manifesto <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a> founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_Jean_du_Plessis%2C_Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu">Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_upon_a_Hill" title="City upon a Hill">City upon a Hill</a>, sermon by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_Jansen" title="Cornelius Jansen">Cornelius Jansen</a>, bishop of Ypres, founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimabara_Rebellion" title="Shimabara Rebellion">Shimabara Rebellion</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a> banished as a heretic from Massachusetts <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cotton" title="John Cotton">John Cotton</a>, advocate of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theonomy" title="Theonomy">theonomy</a>, helps to establish the social constitution of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acta_Sanctorum" title="Acta Sanctorum">Acta Sanctorum</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a> directed that only Hebrew canon be read in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> (effectively removed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">Apocrypha</a>) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Standards" title="Westminster Standards">Westminster Standards</a> produced by the Assembly, one of the first and undoubtedly the most important and lasting religious document drafted after the reconvention of the Parliament, also decreed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Fox" title="George Fox">George Fox</a> founds the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaker" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> movement <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ussher" title="James Ussher">James Ussher</a>, calculates <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ussher-Lightfoot_Calendar" title="Ussher-Lightfoot Calendar">date of creation</a> as October 23, 4004 B.C. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raskol" title="Raskol">Raskol</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> King <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a>, restoration of monarchy, continuing through <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a>, reversed decision of Long Parliament of 1644, reinstating the Apocrypha, reversal not heeded by non-conformists <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Jerusalem" title="Synod of Jerusalem">Synod of Jerusalem</a>, decreed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Jakob_Spener" title="Philipp Jakob Spener">Philipp Jakob Spener</a> publishes <i>Pia Desideria</i>, which becomes a manifesto for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bunyan" title="John Bunyan">John Bunyan</a> publishes <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_Progress" title="Pilgrim's Progress">Pilgrim's Progress</a></i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avvakum" title="Avvakum">Avvakum</a>, leader of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burned_at_the_stake" title="Burned at the stake">burned at the stake</a> in the Far North of Russia <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Williams_%28theologian%29" title="Roger Williams (theologian)">Roger Williams (theologian)</a>, advocate of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a>, founder of Providence, Rhode Island <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Fontainebleau" title="Edict of Fontainebleau">Edict of Fontainebleau</a> outlaws Protestantism in France Orthodoxy introduced to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem_witch_trials" title="Salem witch trials">Salem witch trials</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_America" title="Colonial America">Colonial America</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Rites_controversy" title="Chinese Rites controversy">Chinese Rites controversy</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Amman" title="Jacob Amman">Jacob Amman</a> founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church_of_the_Netherlands" title="Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands">Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands</a> splits with Roman Catholicism <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I_of_Russia" title="Peter I of Russia">Peter the Great</a> substituted Moscow Patriarchate with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Synod" title="Holy Synod">Holy Synod</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vicar_of_Bray_%28song%29" title="The Vicar of Bray (song)">The Vicar of Bray (song)</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a> in U.S. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Methodist_revival" title="Welsh Methodist revival">Welsh Methodist revival</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist movement</a>, led by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> and his hymn-writing brother <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Wesley" title="Charles Wesley">Charles</a>, begins <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinners_in_the_Hands_of_an_Angry_God" title="Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God">Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God</a>, famous <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_and_brimstone" title="Fire and brimstone">Fire and brimstone</a> sermon <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Historical_Account_of_Two_Notable_Corruptions_of_Scripture" title="An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture">An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture</a>, by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, published <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Jesuits" title="Suppression of the Jesuits">Suppression of the Jesuits</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Smyrna%2C_Florida&action=edit" class="new" title="New Smyrna, Florida">New Smyrna, Florida</a>, Greek Orthodox colony founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcala" title="Mission San Diego de Alcala">Mission San Diego de Alcala</a>, first California mission <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg">Emanuel Swedenborg</a>, founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenborgianism" title="Swedenborgianism">Swedenborgianism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Lee" title="Ann Lee">Ann Lee</a> leader of American <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakers" title="Shakers">Shakers</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Gibbon's</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_History_of_the_Decline_and_Fall_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire">The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire</a>, critical of Christianity <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Francisco_de_Asis" title="Mission San Francisco de Asis">Mission Delores</a>, San Francisco <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Statute_for_Religious_Freedom" title="Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom">Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom</a>, "Jesus never coerced anyone to follow him, and the imposition of a religion by government officials is impious" <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Raikes" title="Robert Raikes">Robert Raikes</a> begins <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday schools</a> to reach poor and uneducated children in England American Methodists form <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Methodist Episcopal Church">Methodist Episcopal Church</a> at so-called "Christmas Conference", led by bishops <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Coke_%28Methodist%29" title="Thomas Coke (Methodist)">Thomas Coke</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Asbury" title="Francis Asbury">Francis Asbury</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_%28priest%29" title="John Carroll (priest)">John Carroll</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Baltimore" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore</a>, first Roman Catholic US bishop <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dechristianisation_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianisation of France during the French Revolution">Dechristianisation of France during the French Revolution</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_of_Alaska" title="Herman of Alaska">Herman of Alaska</a> brings Orthodoxy to Alaska <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Age_of_Reason" title="The Age of Reason">The Age of Reason</a> written by Thomas Paine, advocated Deism <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_with_Tripoli_%281796%29" title="Treaty with Tripoli (1796)">Treaty with Tripoli (1796)</a>, article 11: "the Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion" <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Friedrich Schleiermacher</a> publishes his first book, beginning <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">Liberal Christianity</a> movement <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cane_Ridge%2C_Kentucky" title="Cane Ridge, Kentucky">Cane Ridge, Kentucky</a> The Campbells begin <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restoration Movement</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_the_Aleut" title="Peter the Aleut">Peter the Aleut</a>, orthodox Christian tortured and martyred in Catholic San Francisco, California Bishop <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Allen_%28reverend%29" title="Richard Allen (reverend)">Richard Allen</a>, a former slave, founds the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a>, the first African-American denomination <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> produced the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Bible" title="Jefferson Bible">Jefferson Bible</a> English translation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Gesenius" title="Wilhelm Gesenius">Wilhelm Gesenius</a>' <i>...Handwörterbuch...</i>: Hebrew-English Lexicon, Hendrickson Publishers <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a> founded, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">Dispensationalism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Finney" title="Charles Finney">Charles Finney</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revivalism" title="Revivalism">revivals</a> lead to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a> in America <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Christ_%28Mormonism%29" title="Church of Christ (Mormonism)">Church of Christ</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a>) founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Smith%2C_Jr." title="Joseph Smith, Jr.">Joseph Smith, Jr.</a> as a result of reported visitations and commandment by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christ" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, and later the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_Moroni" title="Angel Moroni">Angel Moroni</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Christ_%28Disciples%29" title="Church of Christ (Disciples)">Church of Christ (Disciples)</a> organized, made up of Presbyterians in distress over Protestant factionalism and decline of fervor John Keble's sermon "National Apostasy" initiates the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a> in England Saxon Lutherans objecting to the Prussian Union emigrate from Germany to the United States; settle in Perry County, Missouri. Leads to formation of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Church_-_Missouri_Synod" title="Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod">LC-MS</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Disappointment" title="Great Disappointment">Great Disappointment</a>, false prediction of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Coming#Christianity" title="Second Coming">Second Coming of Christ</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millerites" title="Millerites">Millerites</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> formed in Augusta, Georgia 1848 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Easterns" title="Epistle to the Easterns">Epistle to the Easterns</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclical_of_the_Eastern_Patriarchs" title="Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs">Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs</a> response <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfectionist_movement" title="Perfectionist movement">Perfectionist movement</a> in western <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_state" title="New York state">New York state</a> Missionary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Taylor" title="Hudson Taylor">Hudson Taylor</a> arrives in China 1854 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a>, defined as Catholic dogma <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a>, founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Christian existentialism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormons" title="Mormons">Mormons</a>, led by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Lee" title="John D. Lee">John D. Lee</a>, massacre 120 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian" title="Christian">Christian</a> settlers at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Meadows" title="Mountain Meadows">Mountain Meadows</a>, Utah Methodist preacher <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Booth" title="William Booth">William Booth</a> founds the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_Army" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a>, vowing to bring the gospel into the streets to the most desperate and needy Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a>, asserted doctrine of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_Infallibility" title="Papal Infallibility">Papal Infallibility</a>, rejected by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Catholic_Church_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland">Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland</a> Italy declared war on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>. The Italian Army enters Rome. Papal States ceased to exist. German <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulturkampf" title="Kulturkampf">Kulturkampf</a> against Roman Catholicism <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Christ%2C_Scientist" title="Church of Christ, Scientist">Church of Christ, Scientist</a> founded in Boston by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Version" title="Revised Version">Revised Version</a>, called for by Church of England, used Greek based on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> (B) and (S), Hebrew <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a> used in OT, follows Greek order of words, greater accuracy than <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AV" title="AV">AV</a>, includes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">Apocrypha</a>, scholarship never disputed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Taze_Russell" title="Charles Taze Russell">Charles Taze Russell</a> founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Student movement</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Catechism" title="Baltimore Catechism">Baltimore Catechism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moody_Bible_Institute" title="Moody Bible Institute">Moody Bible Institute</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God is Within You">The Kingdom of God is Within You</a>, by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>, start of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian anarchism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_flag" title="Christian flag">Christian flag</a>, conceived in Brooklyn, New York <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideons_International" title="Gideons International">Gideons International</a> founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_French_law_on_the_separation_of_Church_and_State" title="1905 French law on the separation of Church and State">1905 French law on the separation of Church and State</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a> publishes <i>The Quest of the Historical Jesus</i> (English translation 1910) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica" title="Biblia Hebraica">Biblia Hebraica</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Street Revival</a> in Los Angeles, CA begins modern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal movement</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_of_Japan" title="Nikolai of Japan">Nikolai of Japan</a>, Archbishop of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Orthodox_Church" title="Japanese Orthodox Church">Japanese Orthodox Church</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scofield_Reference_Bible" title="Scofield Reference Bible">Scofield Reference Bible</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_Missionary_Conference" title="Edinburgh Missionary Conference">Edinburgh Missionary Conference</a> launches modern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_%28Christian%29" title="Mission (Christian)">missions movement</a> and modern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_ecumenism" title="Christian ecumenism">ecumenical movement</a>; 5-point statement of the Presbyterian General Assembly, also used by Fundamentalists The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentals" title="Fundamentals">Fundamentals</a>, a 12-volume collection of essays by 64 British and American scholars and preachers, a foundation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Church_Act_1914" title="Welsh Church Act 1914">Welsh Church Act 1914</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a> incorporated in the Philippines <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Genocide" title="Armenian Genocide">Armenian Genocide</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Divine" title="Father Divine">Father Divine</a> founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Peace_Mission_movement" title="International Peace Mission movement">International Peace Mission movement</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_did_those_feet_in_ancient_time" title="And did those feet in ancient time">And did those feet in ancient time</a> Restitution of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Patriarchy" title="Moscow Patriarchy">Moscow Patriarchy</a> with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikhon_of_Moscow" title="Tikhon of Moscow">Tikhon</a> as patriarch <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church" title="True Jesus Church">True Jesus Church</a> founded in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> Execution of Holy Martyrs of Russia, including the last tsar, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_II" title="Nicholas II">Nicholas II</a>, and his wife, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Fyodorovna_of_Hesse" title="Alexandra Fyodorovna of Hesse">Alexandra Feodorovna</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a>'s <i>Commentary on Romans</i> is published, critiquing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">Liberal Christianity</a> and beginning the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-orthodoxy" title="Neo-orthodoxy">neo-orthodox movement</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Group" title="Oxford Group">Oxford Group</a> founded at Oxford <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimee_Semple_McPherson" title="Aimee Semple McPherson">Aimee Semple McPherson</a> built <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelus_Temple" title="Angelus Temple">Angelus Temple</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopes_Trial" title="Scopes Trial">Scopes Trial</a>, caused division among Fundamentalists <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church of Canada</a> formed Father <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Coughlin" title="Charles Coughlin">Charles Coughlin</a>'s first radio broadcast <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> decrees <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma_Johanneum" title="Comma Johanneum">Comma Johanneum</a> open to dispute <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a> signed containing three agreements between kingdom of Italy and the papacy. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastafari_movement" title="Rastafari movement">Rastafari movement</a> founded on visit of Haile Selassie to Jamaica <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_the_Redeemer_%28statue%29" title="Christ the Redeemer (statue)">Christ the Redeemer (statue)</a> in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a> founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_W._Armstrong" title="Herbert W. Armstrong">Herbert W. Armstrong</a> founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Church_of_God" title="Radio Church of God">Radio Church of God</a> Dr. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_C._Laubach" title="Frank C. Laubach">Frank C. Laubach</a>, known as "The Apostle to the Illiterates." working in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, developed a literacy program that continues to teach millions of people to read. Rahlf's critical edition of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Sunday" title="Billy Sunday">Billy Sunday</a>, early U.S. radio evangelist Southern and Northern US branches of the Methodist Episcopal Church, along with the Methodist Protestant Church reunite to form <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Methodist_Church" title="The Methodist Church">The Methodist Church</a>. Slavery had divided the church in the 1800s. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumento_Nacional_de_Santa_Cruz_del_Valle_de_los_Caidos" title="Monumento Nacional de Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caidos">Monumento Nacional de Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caidos</a>, world's largest cross, 152.4 meters high <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_sex_abuse_cases" title="Roman Catholic sex abuse cases">Roman Catholic sex abuse cases</a> begins <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietrich_Bonhoeffer" title="Dietrich Bonhoeffer">Dietrich Bonhoeffer</a> is executed by the Nazis <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Ludwig Müller">Ludwig Müller</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Standard_Version" title="Revised Standard Version">Revised Standard Version</a>, revision of AV "based on consonantal Hebrew text" for OT and best available texts for NT, done in response to changes in English usage <i>Uneasy Conscience of Modern Fundamentalism</i> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_F._H._Henry" title="Carl F. H. Henry">Carl F. H. Henry</a>, a landmark of Evangelicalism versus Fundamentalism in US <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_Roberts" title="Oral Roberts">Oral Roberts</a> founded Evangelistic Association <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Sea_scrolls" title="Dead Sea scrolls">Dead Sea scrolls</a> discovered 1948 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a> is founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Establishment_of_the_State_of_Israel" title="Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel">Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel</a>, see also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a> Evangelist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a> preaches his first Los Angeles crusade <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption of Mary</a> decreed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> <i>The Last Temptation</i> a fictional account of the life of Jesus writen by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikos_Kazantzakis" title="Nikos Kazantzakis">Nikos Kazantzakis</a>, wherin Christ's divinity is juxtaposed with his humanity, is published, and promptly banned in many countries. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novum_Testamentum_Graece" title="Novum Testamentum Graece">Novum Testamentum Graece</a>, critical edition of Greek NT, basis of modern translations <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a> founded U.S. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pledge_of_Allegiance" title="Pledge of Allegiance">Pledge of Allegiance</a> modified by act of Congress from "one nation, indivisible" to "one nation, under God, indivisible" <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">In God We Trust</a> designated U.S. national motto <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_Bible_Series" title="Anchor Bible Series">Anchor Bible Series</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_%281956_film%29" title="The Ten Commandments (1956 film)">The Ten Commandments (1956 film)</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a> founded by ecumenical union of Congregationalists and Evangelical & Reformed, representing Calvinists and Lutherans English translation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Bauer" title="Walter Bauer">Walter Bauer</a>'s <i>Wörterbuch ...</i>: A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, University of Chicago Press <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Radio" title="Family Radio">Family Radio</a> founded Catholic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>, announced by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> in 1959, produced 16 documents which became official Roman Catholic teaching after approval by the Pope, purpose to renew "ourselves and the flocks committed to us" <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" title="Martin Luther King">Martin Luther King</a> leads a civil rights march in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%2C_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a> dies November 22. Campaign by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madalyn_Murray_O%27Hair" title="Madalyn Murray O'Hair">Madalyn Murray O'Hair</a> results in U.S. Supreme Court ruling prohibiting reading of Bible in public schools <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rousas_John_Rushdoony" title="Rousas John Rushdoony">Rousas John Rushdoony</a> founds <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcedon_Foundation" title="Chalcedon Foundation">Chalcedon Foundation</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> formed with union of Methodist Church & Evangelical United Brethren Church, becoming the largest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist/Wesleyan</a> church in the world <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a> replaces <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Late%2C_Great_Planet_Earth" title="The Late, Great Planet Earth">The Late, Great Planet Earth</a> futurist book by Hal Lindsey <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chick_Publications" title="Chick Publications">Chick Publications</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_American_Standard_Bible" title="New American Standard Bible">New American Standard Bible</a> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Exorcist" title="The Exorcist">The Exorcist</a></i>, a novel of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonic_possession" title="Demonic possession">demonic possession</a> and the mysteries of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> faith, is published. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Bakker" title="Jim Bakker">Jim Bakker</a> founds PTL television ministry <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Metzger" title="Bruce Metzger">Bruce Metzger</a>'s <i>Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament</i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anneliese_Michel" title="Anneliese Michel">Anneliese Michel</a>, Bavarian woman, underwent <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">exorcism</a> against demon possession <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Perspective_on_Paul" title="New Perspective on Paul">New Perspective on Paul</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_International_Version" title="New International Version">New International Version</a> of the Bible is first published (revised in 1984), using a variety of Greek texts, Masoretic Hebrew texts, and current English style <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, reaffirmed conservative moral traditions (<i>The Splendor of Truth</i>) and the forbidding of women in the priesthood <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a> founded by Jerry Falwell <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">New King James Version</a>, complete revision of 1611 AV, updates archaisms while retaining style <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Seminar" title="Jesus Seminar">Jesus Seminar</a> founded <i>Jesus and Judaism</i> published by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._P._Sanders" title="E. P. Sanders">E. P. Sanders</a>, won Grawemeyer Prize for best religious book of the 80's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Coalition" title="Christian Coalition">Christian Coalition</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Temptation_of_Christ" title="The Last Temptation of Christ">The Last Temptation of Christ</a>, directed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>, is released by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, and promptly attacked as heretical by organized Christian and Catholic groups. Boycotts are launched, violence ensues at some showings of the film in France. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Version" title="New Revised Standard Version">New Revised Standard Version</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> Declaration of cooperation between Evangelicals and Catholics <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porvoo_Communion" title="Porvoo Communion">Porvoo Communion</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Answers_In_Genesis" title="Answers In Genesis">Answers In Genesis</a> founded by Ken Ham. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a> died <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_E._Brown" title="Raymond E. Brown">Raymond E. Brown</a>, Catholic scholar, died <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Way_of_the_Master" title="The Way of the Master">The Way of the Master</a> founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Brown" title="Dan Brown">Dan Brown</a> writes <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Da_Vinci_Code" title="The Da Vinci Code">The Da Vinci Code</a></i>, criticized because of historical inaccuracy of the life of Jesus. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a>'s film <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Passion_of_the_Christ" title="The Passion of the Christ">The Passion of the Christ</a></i> is released Death of Pope <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a>, election of Pope <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_%28convert%29" title="Abdul Rahman (convert)">Abdul Rahman (convert)</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Judas" title="Gospel of Judas">Gospel of Judas</a> discovered