# Reconstructed Solar Irradiance Data # --------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # and # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # --------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! # # NAME OF DATA SET: Reconstructed Solar Irradiance Data # LAST UPDATE: 1/2003 (Original Receipt by WDC Paleo) # # CONTRIBUTORS: Bard, E., G. Raisbeck, F. Yiou, and J. Jouzel # # IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2003-006 # # SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Bard, E. et al., 2003, # Reconstructed Solar Irradiance Data, # IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology # Data Contribution Series #2003-006. # NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. # # # ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Bard, E., G. Raisbeck, F. Yiou, and J. Jouzel, 2000, # Solar irradiance during the last 1200 years based on cosmogenic nuclides. # TELLUS B 52 (3), 985-992, 2000. # # # GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Global # PERIOD OF RECORD: 843 - 1982 AD # # # ABSTRACT: # Based on a quantitative study of the common fluctuations of 14C and 10Be # production rates, we have derived a time series of the solar magnetic # variability over the last 1200 years. This record is converted into # irradiance variations by linear scaling based on previous studies of # sun-like stars and of the Sun's behavior over the last few centuries. # The new solar irradiance record exhibits low values during the well-known # solar minima centered about 1900, 1810 (Dalton), and 1690 AD (Maunder). # Further back in time, a rather long period between 1450 and 1750 AD is # characterized by low irradiance values. A shorter period is centered # about 1200 AD, with irradiance slightly higher or similar to present # day values. It is tempting to correlate these periods with the # so-called "little ice age" and "medieval warm period", respectively. # An accurate quantification of the climatic impact of this new # irradiance record requires the use of coupled atmosphere-ocean # general circulation models (GCMs). Nevertheless, our record is # already compatible with a global cooling of about 0.5 - 1 C during # the "little ice age", and with a general cooling trend during the # past millennium followed by global warming during the 20th century # (Mann et al. 1999). # # # # DESCRIPTION: # Reconstructed solar irradiance data and cosmogenic nuclide production # (10Be and 14C) from an ice core at the South Pole (Raisbeck 1990). # # # # # DATA: # # 1. Data from Figure 2a: # Cosmogenic Nuclide Production # (changes per mil. vs. present value) # # # Age yr AD raw smoothed # 843 351 # 851 359 # 858 353 # 868 361 358 # 876 338 363 # 884 375 365 # 893 370 371 # 901 394 367 # 909 364 377 # 923 397 361 # 926 308 351 # 936 437 343 # 945 231 334 # 947 315 336 # 955 355 341 # 964 310 332 # 973 423 347 # 985 338 360 # 992 318 364 # 998 354 368 # 1004 441 372 # 1012 370 395 # 1028 334 417 # 1035 450 427 # 1044 514 434 # 1054 469 439 # 1062 409 438 # 1068 460 415 # 1075 392 389 # 1083 353 369 # 1092 299 360 # 1108 344 339 # 1114 337 319 # 1124 370 317 # 1132 285 314 # 1134 213 310 # 1138 372 306 # 1146 287 304 # 1155 325 312 # 1161 308 325 # 1166 330 320 # 1174 337 331 # 1180 331 327 # 1191 308 327 # 1197 385 318 # 1203 276 313 # 1213 312 318 # 1232 260 319 # 1233 320 316 # 1237 391 329 # 1253 313 348 # 1257 332 366 # 1261 370 370 # 1273 454 368 # 1280 392 375 # 1287 331 380 # 1294 345 384 # 1300 389 389 # 1310 389 396 # 1322 422 404 # 1334 479 402 # 1339 406 384 # 1346 365 382 # 1356 329 375 # 1373 261 359 # 1383 435 360 # 1391 406 364 # 1395 324 373 # 1400 401 393 # 1407 378 399 # 1414 388 406 # 1420 446 425 # 1427 473 433 # 1433 416 461 # 1441 471 490 # 1446 442 492 # 1451 609 490 # 1458 609 498 # 1463 399 489 # 1469 426 483 # 1476 499 456 # 1481 428 430 # 1492 453 436 # 1504 395 439 # 1511 381 437 # 1518 478 448 # 1526 477 454 # 1534 460 463 # 1540 504 469 # 1549 462 464 # 1559 456 463 # 1576 437 446 # 1584 449 423 # 1593 479 407 # 1600 319 385 # 1608 338 380 # 1624 362 365 # 1631 317 361 # 1638 441 382 # 1645 324 393 # 1652 431 408 # 1659 477 432 # 1667 396 435 # 1673 462 440 # 1676 504 455 # 1680 421 453 # 1688 367 462 # 1690 579 457 # 1705 440 442 # 1712 473 430 # 1720 403 410 # 1727 371 370 # 1735 336 354 # 1739 274 335 # 1747 293 326 # 1755 370 320 # 1763 327 315 # 1771 326 324 # 1779 305 349 # 1787 286 359 # 1809 367 373 # 1816 521 384 # 1823 405 394 # 1829 387 402 # 1835 372 390 # 1842 372 364 # 1850 388 353 # 1857 302 343 # 1865 313 340 # 1878 335 344 # 1885 325 346 # 1892 367 356 # 1899 413 364 # 1906 363 362 # 1912 365 362 # 1920 360 351 # 1928 314 336 # 1935 351 327 # 1944 292 316 # 1950 304 321 # 1961 313 324 # 1969 279 # 1975 419 # 1982 332 # # # #2. Data from Figure 3. # Reconstructed Solar Irradiance # # Scaled against Maunder Minimum Total Solar Irradiance # reductions of 0.25% (Lean et al. 1995), # 0.40% (Zhang et al. 1994, Solanki and Fligge, 1998) # 0.55% (Cliver et al. 1998), and # 0.65% (Reid 1997) # # #%MM decrease -0.25 -0.40 -0.55 -0.65 # # Age yr AD Total irradiance in W/m2 843 1366.5 1366.0 1365.5 1365.2 851 1366.3 1365.7 1365.0 1364.6 858 1366.4 1365.9 1365.4 1365.0 868 1366.3 1365.7 1365.1 1364.7 876 1366.2 1365.5 1364.8 1364.4 884 1366.1 1365.4 1364.7 1364.2 893 1365.9 1365.1 1364.3 1363.8 901 1366.1 1365.3 1364.6 1364.1 909 1365.8 1364.9 1364.0 1363.4 923 1366.2 1365.6 1364.9 1364.5 926 1366.5 1366.0 1365.5 1365.2 936 1366.7 1366.4 1366.0 1365.8 945 1366.9 1366.7 1366.5 1366.4 947 1366.9 1366.6 1366.4 1366.2 955 1366.8 1366.4 1366.1 1365.9 964 1367.0 1366.8 1366.6 1366.5 973 1366.6 1366.2 1365.8 1365.5 985 1366.2 1365.6 1365.0 1364.5 992 1366.1 1365.4 1364.7 1364.3 998 1366.0 1365.3 1364.5 1364.0 1004 1365.9 1365.1 1364.3 1363.7 1012 1365.3 1364.1 1363.0 1362.2 1028 1364.8 1363.2 1361.7 1360.7 1035 1364.5 1362.8 1361.1 1360.0 1044 1364.3 1362.5 1360.7 1359.5 1054 1364.2 1362.3 1360.4 1359.2 1062 1364.2 1362.3 1360.5 1359.3 1068 1364.8 1363.3 1361.8 1360.8 1075 1365.5 1364.4 1363.3 1362.6 1083 1366.0 1365.2 1364.5 1364.0 1092 1366.3 1365.6 1365.0 1364.6 1108 1366.8 1366.5 1366.2 1366.0 1114 1367.3 1367.4 1367.4 1367.4 1124 1367.4 1367.4 1367.5 1367.5 1132 1367.5 1367.6 1367.7 1367.7 1134 1367.6 1367.7 1367.9 1368.0 1138 1367.7 1367.9 1368.1 1368.2 1146 1367.7 1368.0 1368.2 1368.4 1155 1367.5 1367.6 1367.8 1367.8 1161 1367.2 1367.1 1367.0 1366.9 1166 1367.3 1367.3 1367.3 1367.3 1174 1367.0 1366.8 1366.7 1366.6 1180 1367.1 1367.0 1366.9 1366.8 1191 1367.1 1367.0 1366.9 1366.8 1197 1367.4 1367.4 1367.4 1367.5 1203 1367.5 1367.6 1367.7 1367.8 1213 1367.4 1367.4 1367.4 1367.5 1232 1367.3 1367.3 1367.4 1367.4 1233 1367.4 1367.5 1367.5 1367.6 1237 1367.1 1366.9 1366.8 1366.7 1253 1366.6 1366.1 1365.7 1365.4 1257 1366.1 1365.4 1364.6 1364.2 1261 1366.0 1365.2 1364.4 1363.9 1273 1366.0 1365.3 1364.5 1364.0 1280 1365.8 1365.0 1364.1 1363.5 1287 1365.7 1364.8 1363.9 1363.2 1294 1365.6 1364.6 1363.6 1362.9 1300 1365.5 1364.4 1363.3 1362.6 1310 1365.3 1364.1 1362.9 1362.1 1322 1365.1 1363.8 1362.4 1361.6 1334 1365.1 1363.8 1362.5 1361.7 1339 1365.6 1364.6 1363.6 1362.9 1346 1365.7 1364.7 1363.7 1363.1 1356 1365.8 1365.0 1364.1 1363.5 1373 1366.3 1365.7 1365.1 1364.7 1383 1366.3 1365.6 1365.0 1364.6 1391 1366.1 1365.4 1364.7 1364.3 1395 1365.9 1365.1 1364.2 1363.7 1400 1365.4 1364.2 1363.1 1362.3 1407 1365.2 1364.0 1362.7 1361.9 1414 1365.1 1363.7 1362.4 1361.5 1420 1364.5 1362.9 1361.2 1360.1 1427 1364.3 1362.5 1360.8 1359.6 1433 1363.6 1361.4 1359.2 1357.7 1441 1362.8 1360.2 1357.5 1355.7 1446 1362.8 1360.1 1357.3 1355.5 1451 1362.8 1360.1 1357.4 1355.6 1458 1362.6 1359.8 1357.0 1355.2 1463 1362.9 1360.2 1357.5 1355.7 1469 1363.0 1360.4 1357.9 1356.1 1476 1363.7 1361.6 1359.4 1358.0 1481 1364.4 1362.7 1360.9 1359.8 1492 1364.3 1362.4 1360.6 1359.4 1504 1364.2 1362.3 1360.4 1359.1 1511 1364.2 1362.4 1360.5 1359.3 1518 1363.9 1361.9 1359.9 1358.5 1526 1363.8 1361.7 1359.6 1358.2 1534 1363.5 1361.3 1359.0 1357.5 1540 1363.4 1361.0 1358.7 1357.1 1549 1363.5 1361.2 1359.0 1357.4 1559 1363.5 1361.3 1359.0 1357.5 1576 1364.0 1362.0 1360.0 1358.7 1584 1364.6 1362.9 1361.3 1360.2 1593 1365.0 1363.7 1362.3 1361.4 1600 1365.6 1364.5 1363.5 1362.8 1608 1365.7 1364.8 1363.8 1363.2 1624 1366.1 1365.4 1364.7 1364.2 1631 1366.2 1365.6 1364.9 1364.5 1638 1365.7 1364.7 1363.7 1363.1 1645 1365.4 1364.2 1363.1 1362.3 1652 1365.0 1363.6 1362.2 1361.3 1659 1364.4 1362.6 1360.8 1359.7 1667 1364.3 1362.5 1360.7 1359.5 1673 1364.1 1362.2 1360.3 1359.1 1676 1363.8 1361.6 1359.5 1358.1 1680 1363.8 1361.7 1359.6 1358.2 1688 1363.6 1361.3 1359.1 1357.6 1690 1363.7 1361.5 1359.4 1358.0 1705 1364.1 1362.2 1360.2 1358.9 1712 1364.4 1362.7 1361.0 1359.8 1720 1364.9 1363.5 1362.1 1361.1 1727 1366.0 1365.2 1364.4 1363.9 1735 1366.4 1365.9 1365.3 1365.0 1739 1366.9 1366.7 1366.4 1366.3 1747 1367.1 1367.1 1367.0 1366.9 1755 1367.3 1367.3 1367.3 1367.3 1763 1367.4 1367.5 1367.6 1367.6 1771 1367.2 1367.1 1367.1 1367.0 1779 1366.5 1366.1 1365.6 1365.3 1787 1366.3 1365.7 1365.0 1364.6 1809 1365.9 1365.1 1364.2 1363.7 1816 1365.6 1364.6 1363.6 1362.9 1823 1365.4 1364.2 1363.0 1362.3 1829 1365.1 1363.8 1362.5 1361.7 1835 1365.5 1364.3 1363.2 1362.5 1842 1366.1 1365.5 1364.8 1364.3 1850 1366.4 1365.9 1365.4 1365.1 1857 1366.7 1366.3 1366.0 1365.7 1865 1366.8 1366.5 1366.2 1365.9 1878 1366.7 1366.3 1365.9 1365.6 1885 1366.6 1366.2 1365.8 1365.5 1892 1366.3 1365.8 1365.2 1364.8 1899 1366.2 1365.5 1364.8 1364.3 1906 1366.2 1365.5 1364.9 1364.4 1912 1366.2 1365.5 1364.9 1364.4 1920 1366.5 1366.0 1365.5 1365.2 1928 1366.9 1366.6 1366.4 1366.2 1935 1367.1 1367.0 1366.9 1366.8 1944 1367.4 1367.5 1367.5 1367.6 1950 1367.3 1367.3 1367.3 1367.3 1961 1367.2 1367.1 1367.0 1367.0